Women In Sports

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Home | Introduction | Title IX: Improving women's sports | Current Issue: Homophobia | Discrimination and Unequal Treatment Women Face in Sports | Discrimination and Unequal Treatment Women Face in Sports | Sexualization of Female Athletes | Shedding the "Lesbian" image

Title IX Higher Education Act enacted in 1972 is a federal law that prohibits sex discrimination, sexual harassment, discrimination in admissions, counseling, and discrimination against married or pregnant students in any educational program or activity at any institution that receives federal funds. This includes athletics, drama, band and other extracurricular educational programs students participate in under the law. But it is estimated that over 80% of educational institutions do not adhere to the law.          

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Title IX has three parts Participation- requires that women have equal participation in sports as men, but it doesn’t have to be and identical activity. Scholarships require females to receive scholarships equal to their participation. For example, if there are 100 male athletes/100 females’ athletes and $200,000 scholarship budget then the money has to be divided equal.  Other benefits- requires equal treatment in the provision of; equipment and supplies/scheduling of games and practice times, travel and daily allowance, access to tutoring, coaching, locker rooms, practice and competitive facilities, medical and training facilities and services, publicity and promotions, recruitment of student athletes and support services.

Title IX increased the opportunities for women to participate in sports. But it benefited white athletics the most according to the Women’s Sports Foundation (2003) 77% of inter collegiate teams added between 1981 and 1998 were sports where black athletes are underrepresented. The sports most represented are gulf, tennis, ice hockey, soccer, question, rowing, and water polo which whites mostly play, because blacks mostly participate in basketball and track.

Blacks have benefited from Title IX, but it creates an uneven racial zed pattern of participation inequities for the athletes, because of the stereotype myth that blacks have natural superior speed and jumping skills. This myth makes it hard for blacks to excel in other areas of sports like coaching, and athletic administration because it down plays their intellect.

 

SOC 340: Sociology of Women
Professor Huffman
Almeta Phipps
Julius Henry